2008-3-6 11:17:58

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下面我们联系上下文，试确定以下各句中斜体字的含义。

1.The woman and the children were skilful in boats too, but there were usually several of them in a large boat called umiak.

2.The doctor said that if a person ate even one leaf of the hemlock plant, he would die, because the plant is a deadly poison.

3.Although dogs and cats often have large families, rabbits are famous for the size of their litters, which sometimes number more than twelve bunnies at one time.

4.Mark became hysterical when his basketball team won, and he did not calm down for several days.

5.With mud from head to toe, flowers still clutched in his hand, John looked so ludicrous that we couldn’t help laughing.

6.A bee collects nectar not in its own stomach but in a kind of shopping bag (called the honey sac) similar to the one ants have.

7.Several generations ago, the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything is in a state of turmoil.

8.After the first time someone tried to rob him, the banker became flustered easily, and in his confusion he would make many careless errors.

9.Jane was intrigued by the behavior of animals; she could sit for hours observing a bird making a nest or an ant carrying a leaf.

10.Some chimps are very independent and appear to be the superior members of a group; others seem to be ruled by the leaders and are quite submissive.

通过上串下联，我们不难确定上述各句中斜体字的含义如下：

1.umiak n. 一种大船

2.hemlock n. 一种有毒植物（毒芹）

3.litter n.一窝 bunnies小兔子

4.hysterical a.歇斯底里，异常兴奋

5.ludicrous a..滑稽可笑的

6.nectar n.花蜜 honey sac蜜胃

7.turmoil n.混乱

8.flustered a.慌乱的

9.intrigued a.感兴趣

10.submissive a.顺从的

三、如何猜测不认识的词语？

2. 利用构词法确定词义

通过观察构词部分，分析辨认单词，是提高阅读速度的技巧之一。一方面，读者不必停下来查词典，继续往下读；另一方面，也大大增加了读者的词汇量，读者通过已知词缀（包括前缀和后缀）和已知词根就能很好地猜出生词的含义。

例1：Many cancers have been arrested with the use of chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy 是由chemo（意为chemical）和therapy (意为treatment），整个单词意思就是“化学疗法”。

例2：They overestimate the interviewee’s ability and asked turn many difficult questions.

overestimate ＝over (过分、过度)＋estimate (估计)。因此overestimate的词义可猜测为“过高估计”。

例3：The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted or smelled when mixed with food. Because it was imperceptible, he was able to murder a number of people without being caught.

句中的imperceptible 一词由前缀im-（非，不）＋词根percept（感知、觉察）＋后缀 -ible（能……的）构成。几部分组合在一起，也就是“难以觉察的”之意。

例4：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. (2003考研英语第62题)

其中的dispassioned为超纲词，我们可根据构词法dis + passion + ed